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Late blight of potato disease8/9/2023 ![]() ![]() CRISPR/Cas is divided into two distinct classes based on the sequence, structure, and functions of the Cas proteins. The sgRNA vectors are easily reprogrammable to direct Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) to generate DSBs and are then repaired endogenously by the error-prone NHEJ or HR pathways. CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing and Its Need in PotatoĬRISPR/Cas is the most powerful biological tool to create targeted modification in the genome, which allows easy designing and construction of gene-specific single guide RNA (sgRNA). This article provides the current status of CRISPR/Cas, future perspectives, and challenges in potato. In potato, CRISPR/Cas has been demonstrated for tuber quality, disease resistance (late blight and potato virus Y), phenotype, and other traits ( Dangol et al., 2019 Hameed et al., 2020 Hofvander et al., 2021). Indeed, a tremendous progress has been reported on the utility of CRISPR/Cas in crops. ![]() The TALENs and ZFNs require particular expertise, longer timelines, and higher costs than those needed for assembling CRISPR/Cas. But now, attention has been driven on the new RNA-guided nuclease called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) ( Nadakuduti et al., 2018). In the past, this system was earlier facilitated by protein-guided nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). It allows double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at specific sites in the genome and repairs via naturally occurring DNA repair mechanisms, namely, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Genome editing is an advanced genomics tool which can be deployed for crop improvement by gene knock-out and insertion/deletion mutagenesis ( Hameed et al., 2018). Hence, with the advancement of sequencing technologies and availability of the potato genome sequence ( Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2011), it is possible to modulate the target genes applying genomics tools like genome editing. Later, potato transgenics have also been developed for resistance to diseases (e.g., late blight and viruses), abiotic stresses (e.g., heat and drought), insect pest (e.g., potato cyst nematode and potato tuber moth), processing quality (e.g., reduced cold-induced sweetening), but none of them are being applied at the field level. To address these issues, conventional breeding has shown key roles in varietal development programs combined with the deployment of marker-assisted selection mainly for late blight, viruses, and potato cyst nematode–resistant varieties the world over such as Kufri Karan in India ( ICAR-CPRI Annual Report, 2018-19). In India, the mean potato productivity in major potato-growing states, which together account for about 90% of the national potato production, is likely to decline by 2.0% in 2050s and 6.4% in 2080s ( Rana et al., 2020). The condition is worsening under the climate change scenario. Potato suffers from various pathogens, insect pests, and environmental abiotic stresses. The increasing world population from the now 7.7 to the expected 9.7 billion by 2050 has posed a great challenge of food availability ( United Nations, 2019). In 2018, the world total potato production was 368.17 million tonnes led by China (90.26 mt) followed by India (48.53 mt) ( FAOSTAT, 2018). Potato is considered as the staple food in Europe and parts of Americas. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) (2 n = 4 x = 48) is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat in terms of human consumption. ![]()
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